Simulation and Performance Analysis of Adhoc Routing Protocols in Wi-Fi & WiMax

This paper investigates & undertakes simulation based study of Adhoc Routing Protocols in Wi-Fi(802.11b) & WiMax(802.16e) Networks. In this paper comparison of four Routing Protocols AODV,DYMO,OLSR & IERP is done in a multicellular high mobility Wi-Fi & WiMax Networks using QualNet 5.0 Simulator. The metrics used for performance evaluation are Average Jitter, Throughput, End-to End delay, Signals received with errors, Average Queue Length, Packets to Application Layer, Total packets Received at the Receiver end. The results of both the Networks (Wi-Fi & WiMax) are compared. Keywords-Wi-Fi (802.11), WiMax (IEEE 802.16), AODV, IERP, DYMO, OLSR, QualNet simulator I.INTRODUCTION Wireless Networks has huge diversity ranging from Wi-Fi (802.11) covering small areas to WiMax (802.16) that covers several miles. Wi-Fi[1] is the industry name for wireless LAN(WLAN) communication technology related to the IEEE 802.11 family of wireless networking standards. Ad hoc network[3] is a network of mobile nodes that are self organizing connected by wireless links and are free to move independently and randomly and has the capability to change its links frequently. Mobile Adhoc networks are infrastructure less networks that can be build temporarily. Wireless networks adapted for covering cities, arrived a few years after the Wi-Fi type WLAN[1]. The IEEE 802.16 WiMax[2](World Wide Interoperability for Microwave Access) standard is based on global interoperability & is an emerging technology that delivers high speed wireless broadband at a much lower cost than the cellular services while covering large distances than Wi-Fi. It has been designed to be a cost-effective way to deliver broadband over a wide area. It is intended to handle high-quality voice, data and video services while offering a high Quality of service. Routing protocols in Mobile Adhoc & WiMax networks helps to connect source node with destination node to send & receive packets [3].Many protocols are designed but it is not easy to decide which one wins. Though [4], [5] & [6] illustrates the performance of the protocols. This paper throws light on comparative results of AODV, DYMO, IERP & OLSR protocols of Mobile Adhoc (Wi-Fi) & WiMax networks using QualNet Simulator [7] using CBR traffic. The results draw some general conclusion by considering MAC & Physical layer Model metrics which can be helpful for future research work. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section II gives the system description. Section III describes the results of all the protocols in Wi-Fi & WiMax networks. Finally, we conclude our paper in section IV. II.SYSTEM DESCRIPTION We develop two scenarios using QualNet 5.0, a software that provides scalable simulations of Wireless Networks to analyze the performance of different routing protocols in WiMax & Wi-Fi environment with CBR application.CBR is the data traffic that keeps bit rate same throughout the process. International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering Available Online at www.ijecse.org ISSN2277-1956 ISSN-2277-1956/V1N3-1593-1601 (a) (b) Figure 1 (a) Animation view of WiMax network (25 nodes) (b) Animation view of Wi-Fi network (25 nodes) A. WiMax Network In this scenario there are six WiMax networks having 25 nodes placed within 1500*1500 m area. Each WiMax network has four nodes with node number 10,21,17,5,4,13 are base stations of the respective networks and others are mobile stations. Node 25 is also a mobile station of other network. Nodes 10, 21,17,5,4,13 are connected to node 25 via wired point to point link. Each base station is operating on different channel.CBR application is used between source nodes(9,22,1,1,1,18) & destination nodes 1,1,7,14,3,1)respectively. As node 1 will move it will perform handover with base stations of various networks. Connectivity on the move can be ensured with fast and efficient handover. B. Wi-Fi Network This scenario has six Wi-Fi networks having 25 nodes placed within 1500*1500 m area. Each Wi-Fi network has four nodes. As Wi-Fi network do not require any centralized control so there will be no base station. Nodes 10, 21,17,5,4,13 are connected to node 25 via wired point to point link. Nodes 10,21,17,5,4,13 are connected to node 25 via wired point to point link. CBR application is used between source nodes(9,22,1,1,1,18) & destination nodes 1,1,7,14,3,1)respectively. As node 1 will move it will perform handover with various networks. TABLE 1 shows the parameters we used for the simulation Parameters Value Area of simulation 1500*1500 m2 Physical layer protocol 802.16, 802.11b Mac protocol 802.16, 802.11b Path loss model Two Ray Routing protocol AODV,DYMO,OLSR,IERP Traffic source Constant Bit Rate Simulation Time 400 seconds The network described above is studied by varying the routing protocols Adhoc on Demand Distance Vector (AODV)[8], Inter –Zone Routing Protocol(IERP)[9], Dynamic MANET on Demand (DYMO)[10], Optimized Link State Routing(OLSR)[11]) and then comparing the results of the respective protocols in terms of Throughput, Average end to end delay, Average jitter, Signals received with errors, Average Queue Length, Packets to Application Layer, Total packets Received at the Receiver end for Wi-Fi & WiMax Networks. III.RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS A. Throughput Throughput is the average rate of successful message delivery over a communication channel. The throughput is usually measured in bits per second (bit/sec), and sometimes in data packets per second or data packets per time slot. High throughput is always desirable in a communication system. International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering Available Online at www.ijecse.org ISSN2277-1956 ISSN-2277-1956/V1N3-1593-1601 (a) (b) Figure 2: Graph of Throughput of (a) WiMax network (b) Wi-Fi network The above Figure shows that for WiMax throughput is maximum in case of AODV which is slightly higher than DYMO so the results are comparable for AODV & DYMO whereas IERP & OLSR shows fewer throughputs. The reason that AODV & DYMO outperforms OLSR & IERP is that more routing packet are generated and delivered . For Wi-Fi Network Server throughput is same for AODV & DYMO while it decreases for OLSR & is very less for IERP. B. Average Jitter Jitter is the variation in delay by different data packets that reached the destination and can seriously effect the quality of audio/video and thus an unwanted parameter. International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering Available Online at www.ijecse.org ISSN2277-1956 ISSN-2277-1956/V1N3-1593-1601 (a) (b) Figure 3: Average Jitter for (a) WiMax network (b) Wi-Fi network Figure shows that jitter is high for OLSR, AODV and IERP and is lowest for DYMO. Thus DYMO outperforms the other protocols in WiMax. In Wi-Fi network jitter is highest for IERP & is lowest for OLSR. C. Average End to End Delay End-to-end delay refers to the time taken for a packet to be transmitted across a network from source to destination. A data packet may take longer time to reach to the destination due to queuing and different routing paths. International Journal of Electronics and Computer Science Engineering Available Online at www.ijecse.org ISSN2277-1956 ISSN-2277-1956/V1N3-1593-1601 (b) Figure 4: End to End Delay (a) WiMax Network (b) Wi-Fi Network Figure shows that in WiMax, DYMO performed better than the other three routing protocols due to frequent change in network topology resulting in prior route discovery. OLSR & IERP performed better than AODV& thus AODV has the highest average end to end delay. In Wi-Fi, IERP has highest delay while OLSR has lowest delay due to regular update of routing table & AODV & DYMO has delay in between the two. D. Signal Received but with errors It shows the number of incoming signals the radio failed to receive.